Method and apparatus for making shades



m, J. o. HGNARD 13323 11? METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING SHADES Filed NOV. 22, 1935 4 Sheets-Sheet l 1&4

'INVENTOR. wflw BY ATTO EYS,

Aug. 16, 1938.. j J. o. HOWARD 2,127,119

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING SHADES- Filed Nov. 22, 1935 4 Sheets-Sheet '2 INVENTOR. W 9, W

ATTO EYS.

1938c J. o. HOWARD 9 3 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING SHADES Filed Nov. 22, 1955 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 'II A INVENTOR.

' ATTORNEYS.

Aug. 16, 1938. J, O, HOWARD 2,127,119

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING SHADES Filed Nov. 22, 1935 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR.

Patented Aug. 16, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Joseph 0. Howard, Chicago, 111., assignor to Sail- Me Company, Inc., Chicago, 111., a corporation of Illinois Application November 22, 1935, Serial No. 51,141

Claims.

This invention relates to a method of and apparatus for manufacturing rotating lamp shades, or the like, from a hollow blank of paper, parchment, or other suitable material.

A principal object of the invention is the provision of a novel method of and apparatus for transforming a hollow blank by means of a cutting or stamping operation into two component parts, each of which is adapted for use in the 10 finished article, and one of which is at the same time cut to provide a plurality of separate, similar and adjacent portions comprising extensions of one end thereof.

Another important object of the invention is the provision of the further step of and apparatus for forming said component part having the separate extension portions into the desired shape by directing the free ends of the latter toward a common point and securing them together in that position by means of an eyelet or other similar fastening member.

A further important object of the invention is the provision of the additional'step of and apparatus for securing to said other component part an upstanding bearing member.

Another important. object of the invention is the provision of the further step of and apparatus for securing to said eyelet or retaining member a bearing member in such manner as to allow for wide variations in size of vsaid two members while insuring a satisfactory union thereof.

Numerous other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent as it is better understood from the following description, which, when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, discloses arpreferred embodiment thereof.

In the drawings, Figure 1. is a front elevational View of a machine for performing the cutting operation; Fig. 2 is an enlarged vertical section taken .sub-

stantially on the line 22 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged vertical section taken substantially on the line 33 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged detail sectional view taken substantially on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a side elevational view of a machine for performing the forming and fastening operation;

Fig. '6 is a'front elevation of the machine of Fig. 5;

Fig. 'l is an enlarged detail side-elevation, with parts in section, of a part of the machine of Fig. 5; I -Fig. 8 is anrenlarged detail elevational view of a safety device forming a part of the machine of Fig. 5;

Fig. 9 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of the post employed in the machine of Fig. 5 comprising a retaining member and the male part of 5 the riveting die;

Fig. 10 is side elevation of a machine for joining the bearing member to the eyelet or retaining member;

Fig. 11 is an enlarged detail elevation of the 10 lower end of the riveting tool of the machine of Fig. 10;

Fig. 12 is a top plan view of a completed assemblage resulting from the operation of the machine of Fig. 10, with parts broken away;

Fig. 13 is a vertical section taken substantially on the line l3-I3 of Fig. 12;

Fig. 14 is an elevational view, partly in section, of a machine for inserting the upstanding bearing member into the supporting part of the shade;

Fig. 15 is an elevational view of one form of blank which may be used in conjunction with the instant method and apparatus;

Fig. 16 is an exploded elevation of the blank of Fig. 15 after the cutting operation has been 25 performed;

Fig. 17 is a vertical sectional view through the main part of the shade resulting from the blank of Fig. 15 after the separate extension portions 0 have been secured together;

Fig. 18 is a view similar to Fig.17 after the bearing member has been secured in place;

Fig. 19 is a detail top plan view of Fig. 18, with parts broken away; and

Fig. 20 is a vertical sectional view through a 35 portion of a completedshade comprising one of the articles which is adapted to be manufactured in accordance with the instant method and apparatus.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, 40 reference numeral 31 indicates in general a. machine adapted to perform thefirst operation of the instant method. The operation consistsin cutting a hollow blankv of paper, parchment,v or the like, such as that indicated. by reference numeral 32 in Fig. 15, so as to transform said blank into two component parts 33 and '34 (illustrated in Fig. 16).

The part 33 comprises the tip portion of the blank 32, and is adapted to be used as a supporting member for the main part 34in a manner to be later described. "In the cutting operation the severing of the tip portion 33 also determines the shape of the upper edge portion of the main part 34, so that no appreciable amount o"f 'mater'ia1is 55 wasted. At the same time, the upper portion of the main part 34 is cut along a plurality of curved lines 35 to form a plurality of separate and adjacent portions 36, each of which comprises an extension of the main part 34. Adjacent its upper end, each of the extensions 36 is provided with a substantially centrally located aperture 31.

The above described cutting operation may be readily accomplished in a series of similar and successive steps by means of the machine 3| illustrated in Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive. In this machine, which is provided with a suitable base or standard 38, a substantially cone-shaped member or mandrel 39 is mounted in a suitable upstanding bracket 4|, which is preferably formed integral with the base 38. A shaft portion 42 of the mandrel extends through the bracket 4| and is drawn into and held in place by suitable nut, or the like, 43.

A frustum-shaped collar 44 is rotatably mounted upon the shaft portion 42 on the inner side and adjacent the bracket 4|, being spaced therefrom by a suitable washer 45. This collar 44 is provided with a plurality of equally spaced ratchet teeth 46 around that portion of its periphery adjacent the bracket 4|. Adjacent its inner end, the collar 44 is provided with a plurality ofradially extending apertures 41 which, when thecollar 44 is properly positioned on the shaft 42, coincide with a plurality of similar radially disposed apertures 48 in the shaft 42. The inner ends of the apertures 48 communicate with an axial bore 49 in the shaft 42, which in turn is connected in any suitable manner to a suction hose 5| extending from a 'vacuum pump (not shown) of usual or wellknown construction. constant communication with the apertures 41 due to a circumferential channel 56 around the shaft 42.

The mandrel 39 is also provided with an elongated relief port 52 open to the atmosphere at each end, its inner end 53 terminating inwardly of and adjacent the inner end of the collar 44. The upper surface of the mandrel 39 is horizontally disposed, and has secured thereto, as by means of screws 54, a die plate 55 comprising the female part of a cutting die. a

A steel rule die 56, comprising the male part of the cutting die, is mounted in any suitable manher on the lower end of a reciprocable shaft or ram 51. The ram 51 is mounted on the base or standard 38 by means of a bearing plate 58, and is reciprocated by the usual linkage 59, which is in turn actuated by the drive shaft 6| under the control of a clutch 62 shown. in dotted lines in Fig. 2.

Rigidly secured to a part of the linkage 59 which actuates the ram 51, is a vertically disposed spring bar 63, the lower end of which is bent forwardly to provide a horizontally disposedv tooth 64. As the bar 63 is reciprocatedin conjunction with the ram 51, the tooth 64 in its upward movement engages a tooth 46 of the collar 44 and rotates the latter a predetermined distance in a counterclockwise direction, viewing Fig. 3.

The number of teeth 46 employed, is equivalent to the number of extensions 36 which it is desired to provide on the member 34. In the instant .disclosure eight teeth are shown, so that upon each reciprocation of the indexing bar 63, the collar 44 is rotated one-eighth of a full revolution. It is to be understood, of course, that any other desired number of teeth 46 may be employed.

One complete cycle of the machine 3| consists of eight successive cutting movements of the ram 51, which includes the rotation of the collar 44 The apertures 48 are in.

through one complete revolution. To insure the exact number of revolutions of the clutch 62 and shaft 6| by the drivingmember 65 for each opera-- tion of the machine, the following control mcchanism is employed:

A control rod 66, preferably foot operated, e: tends through and is mounted for vertical reciprocal movement in the base 33. The upper end of the rod 66 cooperates with and is adapted to control the clutch 62 in the usual and well-known manner. Rigidly secured to the rod 66 adjacent its upper end, by means of a set screw 61, is a forwardly extending arm 68. A coil spring 69 is slidably mounted on the rod 65 between the arm 68 and the base or standard which urges the arm 68 upwardly into contact with the periphery of a cam disk 1|.

This cam disk 1| is rotatably mounted on a stud shaft 12, and is provided with a flattened portion 13 on its peripheral surface against which the upper surface of the free end of the arm 68 normally engages. Mounted on the shaft 12 adjacent the cam disk 1| and rigidly secured thereto is a gear Wheel 14 having eight angular teeth. A disk 15, comprising a part of the clutch 62, has an actuating stud or pawl 16 secured thereto which is adapted to strike against a tooth of the gear wheel 14 to rotate the latter oneeighth of a revolution for each revolution of the shaft 6| and clutch 62.

The operation of the machine 3| above described is as follows: The hollow blank 32'is placed over the mandrel 39 with its inner surface adjacent its open end fitting closely over the inner portion of the collar 44, thereby loosely engaging the mandrel 39 and firmly engaging the collar 44.

The operator then pushes the control rod 66 downward, which performs two functions. First, by means of a suitable linkage 11, it opens a control valve 18 in the suction hose 5|. Since this draws the air out of the bore 49 and the apertures or passages 48 and 41 communicating therewith, and since the bottom portion of the blank 32 closes the outer ends of the apertures 41, the blank is held firmly in place on the collar 44 by suction. Second, depression of the rod 66 causes engagement of the clutch 62 to allow the driving member 65 to reciprocate the ram 51, and also carries the arm 68 downward against the action of spring 69 out of the path of rotation of the circumferential surface of the cam disk 1|.

During the first part of. the initial rotation of the clutch mechanism 62, the actuating lug 16 strikes a tooth of the gear wheel 14 to rotate the cam disk 1| sufficiently to move the flattened portion 13 out of its lower horizontal position. Release of the rod 66 does not result in its return to clutch disengaging position under the influence of spring 69, therefore, since the upper surface of the arm 68 will engage the circumferential surface of the cam disk 1| to prevent return movement of rod 66.

The driving member 65 will continue to reciprocate the ram 51, therefore, and upon each revolution of the disk 15, which corresponds to a reciprocation of the ram 51, the cam disk 1| will be rotated one-eight of a revolution. At the end of a complete revolution of the cam disk 1!, that is, at the end of eight operations of the ram 51', the flattened portion 13 of the disk 1| will be returned to its lower horizontal position of Fig. 2, permitting the spring 69 to automatically return the rod 66 to its upper position to disengage the clutch 62 and close the control valve I8 in the suction hose 5I One .complete operation of the machine 3I is thus automatically .terminated,:;which constitutes eight successive reciprocations of the ram 51. .On each upstroke of theram 51, the indexing bar 63 rotates the collar 44 one-eighth of a revolution to present an uncut portion of the blank 32 to the cutting die 55,. 56. Upon each cutting operation, that portion of the blank.32 which is cut is flattenedout on the die plate .55. If this portion were returned to normal position by contact with the mandrel 39 as the blank 32 is rotated, the blank will have a plurality of longitudinal creases remaining at the end of the operation. The provision of the relief port 52 avoids this creasing, however, by keeping the major portion of the interior of the hollow blank open to the atmosphere.

The above'described operation results in the formation of the two component parts 33 and 34, shown in Fig. 16, and the next step of the instant method is that of deflecting the separate extensions 36 of the part 34 into their desired positions and securing their free ends together. The .result of this operation is illustrated in Fig. 17 where the extensions-36 are shown secured in their deflected positions by means of a rivet or eyelet I9'extending through the several apertures 37 which have been axially alined. In this position, the extensions 36 are bent over with one longitudinal edge higher than the other, which is a result of the particular curvature given thB'ZIlIlGS 35, to form a plurality of radially disposed vanes adjacent each other with spaces therebetween.

Referring to Figs. 5 to 9, inclusive, reference numeral BI indicates in general a machine for deflecting the extensions 36, as above described, holding them in deflected position, and securing their free ends together by means of the eyelet I9. This machine comprises a standard 82 rigidly secured to or formed. integral with a base 83 and a supporting .member or bearing bracket 84 also secured toand upstanding from the base 83. Y

A frustum-shaped retaining member 85, upon which the main part 34 of Fig; 16 is adapted to be positioned, is rotatably mounted on a vertical tool post 86, which in turn is secured in any desired manner to and extends upwardly from the bracket 84. The member 85 is provided with a plurality of radial apertures or passages 81 which communicate at their inner ends with a bored recess 88 extending upwardly into the post 86 (Fig. '7). The recess 88 is connected in any desired .manner by means of a control valve 89 mounted in the bracket 84 with a suitable vacuum or suction pump (not shown).

Slidably and non-rotatably mounted in the upper end of the post '86 is a' vertically disposed tool 9| (Fig. 9). The upper end of the tool 9I is provided with a reduced portion 92 having a countersunk recess 93 in its end surface and a further reduced neck portion or circumferential groove 94 adjacent thereto. At the base of the reduced. portion 92, the tool '9.I is provided with an annular groove 95 having a rounded bottom and comprising the stationary part of a riveting die.

The upper end of the frustum-shaped member 85 terminates in a plurality of angular teeth 96, for a purpose to be later described. The lower end of the member 85 is providedgwith a ratchet gear 91 havingeight teeth, with which va reciprocable pawl98 is-adapted to co-operate as an in-v dexing mechanism for rotating the member. 85 and the part .34 being operated'upon. .The number of teeth in the gear 91 depends upon the number of extensions 36 of the main part .34..

The indexing .pawl 98 is connected by means of a lever 99 to a crank disk IIII rigidly secured to aushaft I82iwhich is rotatably mounted in the bracket 84 and another bracket. I03 secured to the base 83.. Mounted for horizontal sliding movement in thebearing bracket I 63 is a supporting bracket I84. having a forwardly extending operating lever I05. Anidler pulley I06 is rotatably mounted on the bracket I84, so that when it is pulled forward by the control lever I 85, it tightens a belt III] to drive :a pulley I88 rigidly mounted on the shaft I82 from a pulley I09 secured to the main driveshaft III. A hand operating crank I I2 is also rigidly secured to the shaft I82.

A cam disk I I3 iszrigidly secured to the shaft I82 adjacent the crank disk II, and is adapted to engage and co-operate with a curved surface H4 at the lower end of an arm II5 which is pivotally mounted on a stud shaft II6 supported by the bracket 84. The curved surface H4 is kept in engagement with the cam I I3 by means of a spring I I1 secured at one end to the lever 'I I5 and at the other end to the standard 82 which urges the --lever .I I5 in a counterclockwise -direction viewing Figs. 5 and 7. Rigidly secured at one end to the free end of, and formingpart of, the. lever H5 is a rod II8 extending at substantially ninety degrees to the main part of the lever II5. An axially disposed pilot or guide pin H9 is slidably mounted in the free end of the rod H8, and is spring urged to its outermost position, shown in full lines in Fig. 7. Detachably secured, at I 2I, to the rod H8 is an actuating bar I22 which terminates adjacent the end of the pilot H9 and has a substantially U-shaped deflector element I23 secured to its free end.

A ram or vertically reciprocable riveting member I 24 is slidably mounted on the standard 82 by means of a bearing plate I25, and is connected at its upper end in any suitable manner to the usual operating mechanism, including a lever I26 pivoted at I21 to the standard 82 and at I28 to a link I29. The link I29 is pivotally connected to a crank disk I3I which comprises the driven part of a one-revolution clutch, the driving part of which isconnected to the constantly rotating drive shaft II 'I said clutch being under the control of a treadle rod I32.

An interlocking or safety device is provided for preventing operation of either the arm I I5 or the ram I24 when the other is displaced from its normal or retracted position. This device comprises a horizontal, forwardly extending bar -:I33.-which is rigidly secured to the clutch control rod I32, and a disk I34 which is secured to the shaft I82 and is provided with a flat portion I35 (Fig.8). The fiat portion I35 is normally in its horizontal position above the shaft I82, and the bar I 33 is in its upper position directly above the disk I34, as shown in broken lines in Fig. 8, so that either the arm H5 or the ram I24 may be operated.

If the arm I I5 is not in its retracted position, however, the flat portion I35 will not be in its position of Fig. 8, and the disk I34'will prevent downward movement of the bar I33. On the other hand, with the arm H5 in its normal retracted position; the bar I33 may be lowered by the con-' trol rod I32: to its full line position of Fig. 8- to initiate an operation of the riveting mechanism,

Eli)

while at the same time blocking the rotation of disk I34 to prevent the operation of arm H5.

The crank disk or clutch member I3I is provided with an annular cam surface I36 against which the end of a crank arm I31 engages. The crank I31 is secured to or formed integral with a shaft I38 and is pivotally mounted at I39 in the standard 82, so that upon each revolution of the driven clutch member I3I, the shaft I38 is rotated clockwise and then counterclockwise (viewed from its front end) througha small angle.

At its forward end, the shaft I38 is connected to an eyelet feeding mechanism or conveyer H, which is pivotally mounted at I42 on the plate I25, so'that the above described rotation of the shaft will swing the feeding mechanism I4I about its pivot point I42. Thus, as the ram or riveting member I24 travels downward, it picks up a rivet or eyelet 19 from the lower end of the conveyer MI, and the latter is swung out of the path of movement of the ram; and when the ram returns to its upper position, the conveyer is swung back to normal position. At its upper end, the conveyer MI is provided with the usual magazine hopper I43. I

The operation of the above described machine 8I is as follows: The out part 34 is placed over the frustum-shaped member 85 and properly positioned thereon with the bottom portions of the extensions 36 coinciding with the base portions of the teeth 96. Opening of the control valve 89 will cause a suction through the passage 88, 81 to hold the part 34 on the member 85.

The operator then pulls the lever I85 forward which causes rotation of the shaft I82. Each rotation of the shaft I62, by means of the cam disk H3 and spring II 1, moves the lever II from its full line position to its broken line position of Fig. '7 and back again. In its downward movement, the pilot I I9 enters the aperture 31 in the associated extension 36 and the member I23 engages the upper end of said extension 36. Further movement of the arm II5 causes the pilot I I9 to enter the recess 93 in the tool 9I and be telescoped into the rod II 8, and the member I23 bends the extension 36 downward over the associated angular tooth 96 until the outer end of the aperture 31 engages the undercut shoulder on the tool 9I formed by the groove 94. The return movement of the arm II5 under the influence of the spring II1 therefore leaves the bent-over extension 36 in deflected position. In this operation, the angular tooth 96 insures a canting or twisting of the extension 36 for a purpose to be later described.

Between each of the downward movements of the arm II5, the shaft I02 rotates the part 34 and members 85, 86 and 9I through one-eighth of a revolution to bring the next adjacent extension 36 in line with the members H9 and I23. This indexing movement is accomplished, as above described, by means of the crank I OI, link 99 and pawl 98 actuating the ratchet gear 91. As soon as the last extension 36 has been deflected and hooked over the reduced end portion 92 of the tool 9|, the operator pushes the lever I 65 back to normal position to stop the shaft I92. If the shaft is not stopped at the correct point, the disk I34 will aid in properly positioning it in the manner of a balance weight, or the hand crank I I2 may be employed.

The treadle rod I32 is then depressed to release the clutch I3I for one revolution. This causes the ram I24 to slide downwardly, pick an eyelet 19 out of the conveyer I4I before the latter is'swung out of its path, force the eyelet through the apertures 31 impaled upon the reduced portion 92 of the tool 9!, and rivet the several extensions together by compressing the lower edge of the eyelet into the annular groove 95 in the tool 9|. The ram I24 then returns to its upper or inoperative position, the valve 89 is closed, and the part 34 removed from the member 85 to complete the operation.

The next step of the instant method comprises the securing of a dome-shaped bearing member within and to the eyelet 19. In Figs. 12 and 13, this hearing member is indicated at I45 and is provided with a horizontal, circumferential flange I46 upon which the under surface of the eyelet 19 rests. The bearing member I41 of Figs. 18 to 20, inclusive, is similar to the member I45 except that it is provided with a laterally extending counterweight I48 formed integral with the horizontal flange I49 which is otherwise the same as the flange I46.

In Figs. and 11 is shown a machine, indi-- cated generally by reference numeral ISI, for securing a bearing member I45 or I41 to the eyelet 19, which comprises a suitable base I52 upon which is mounted a standard I53 and a block I54. The upper part of the block I54 is or may be shaped to hold the specific article incorporating the eyelet 19, such as the main part 34 of the lamp shade shown in Fig. 1'1. Secured to or formed integral with the upper surface of the block I54 is an upstanding stud I55 for properly centering the bearing member I45 or I41 which is placed thereon with its flange I46 or I49 resting on the horizontal surface of the block I54. The part 34 or other article incorporating the eyelet 19 is then placed on the block I 54 with the eyelet surrounding or in axial alinement with the bearing member.

A ram or riveting member I56 is mounted on the standard I 53 by means of a bearing plate I51 for vertical reciprocal movement. The upper end of the ram I56 is connected, by a link I58, to one end of a lever I59 which is pivotally mountedon the standard I53 intermediate its ends at I6I. The other end of the lever I59 is pivotally connected at I62 to one end of a rod I63, the other end of which is pivotally connected at I64 to a treadle I65 which is pivoted at I66. A spring I61 is secured to the pivot I62 at one end and to the standard I53 at its other end at I68. A suitable stop I69 is provided for limiting counterclockwise movement of the lever I59, and an adjustable stop I1I is mounted on the forward end of the lever I59 for limiting clockwise movement thereof.

A riveting tool I12 is secured to or formed integral with the lower end of the ram I56, and terminates in a tapered portion I13 and an axially disposed, spring-urged pilot member'I14. At its lower end, the tapered portion I13 of the riveting tool is hollow-ground at spaced intervals around its surface, as shown at I in Fig. 11, to provide a. plurality of circumferentially spaced prongs I 16.

After the eyelet 19 or the member, such as the part 34, to which the eyelet is secured has been properly positioned relative to the bearing member I45 or I41, as explained above, the operator actuates the treadle I65 to lower the rim I56 and tool I12. The pilot I14 insures proper centering of the eyelet 19 if the latter is resting on top of the bearing member. After the pilot contacts the upper surface of the bearing member, further "downward movement of the ram 7 'wardly. The main part 34 of the shade will I58 results in a telescoping of the pilot upwardly into the tool I12. At the same time, the prongs I16 will partially shear away and displace a portion of the outer surface metal of the bearing member at a plurality of points around the circumference thereof, and press the same against the upper surface of the eyelet to form a plurality of spot rivet points I11. The stop I1I may be adjusted to limit the downward movement of the riveting tool to prevent a misshaping of the members being secured together.

With the above described method of securing the bearing member and eyelet together, it will be'apparent that a satisfactory union therebetween will be assured, while permitting a wide variation between the relative sizes of the two parts. This is of particular importance from the angle of manufacturing costs, since standard eyelets may be employed, and the bearing members need not be held within very close limits.

The last and final step in the instant method is that of making a supporting member for the rotating part 34 of the lamp shade from the tip portion 33 (Fig. 16) of the original blank. To do this, a pin I18 (Fig. 20) is forced through the apex of the tip portion 33 and secured thereto in any desired manner, as by means of heat resisting cement I19.

In Fig. 14 is shown a device, indicated generally by reference numeral I8I, for impaling the tip portion 33 on the pin I18. This device comprises a base I82 and an upstanding post I83 secured thereto or formed integral therewith. A cap or head member I84 is slidably mounted on the upper end of the post I83; relative movement of the two parts being limited by a set screw I85 extending through the wall of the cap I84 and engaging within a vertical groove I88 in the post I83. A coil spring I81 surrounds the post I83,

with its ends abutting against the base I82 and the cap I84, respectively, to resiliently maintain the latter in its uppermost position.

The upper end of the cap or head member I84 is tapered or so shaped as to fit snugly within the tip portion 33, and is provided with an axially disposed passageway or bore I88. Upstanding from and secured to or formed integral with the upper end of the post I83 is a pin I89 which is of slightly smaller diameter than the bore I88, and the upper end of which normally extends for a short distance into said bore.

In using the device I8I, the pin I18 is inserted in the bore I88 with its point or bearing end upward. The tip portion 33 is then placed over the cap I84 and, together with the cap, is depressed against the action of the spring I81. In this movement, the pin I18 remains stationary, so that the tip portion 33 is impaled thereon. Upon releasing the cap I84 it is moved back to normal position with the part 33 and pin I18 by the spring I81. The pin I18 is then rigidly secured to the tip portion 33 by inverting it, inserting a drop of cement I19 therein, and allowing the latter to harden.

In use, the tip portion 33 is mounted on a light bulb I9I (Fig. 20), and the part 34 is set thereon with the bearing member I41 co-operating with the pin I18 in the manner of a jewel bearing. When the bulb I9I is lighted, the rising warm air currents generated thereby will contact the extensions 36. Due to the particular shape given the extensions 36 in the cutting and forming operations, they constitute vane members against which the rising air currents will strike and between which said currents will flow uptherefore-be rotated relative to the supporting --tipportion 33 and light bulb l9l. To insure even and properly balanced rotation of the main part 34 of the shade, the counterweight I48 is so positioned as to compensate for any added weight on one side of" the shade due tothe overlapping of the material, as indicated at I-92,-in the formation of the cone 32.

The above described method may obviously be employed to make shades from hollow blanks having other shapes than that shown in the drawings, or articles of manufacture other than lamp shades.

It is thought that the invention and many of its attendant advantages will be understood from the foregoing description, and it will be apparent that various changes may be made in the steps and their order of accomplishment of the method described and in the form, construction and arrangement of the parts of the apparatus disclosed without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention or sacrificing all of its material advantages, the method and apparatus hereinbefore described being merely a preferred embodiment thereof.

I claim:

1. The method of making a rotating lamp shade, comprising severing a blank into a plurality of component parts, forming one of said parts into a rotatable element, and using another of said parts as a supporting member for said rotatable element.

2. The method of making a rotating lamp shade, comprising severing a hollow three-dimensional blank into a plurality of component parts, and using one of said parts as a rotatable element and another of said parts as a supporting member for said rotatable element.

3. The method of making a rotating lamp shade, comprising truncating a hollow coneshaped blank, using the frustum as a rotatable element, and using the vertex portion as a supporting member for said rotatable element.

4. The method of making a rotating lamp shade, comprising severing a hollow three-dimensional blank into a plurality of component parts, and forming one end portion of one of said parts into a plurality of substantially radially extending vane members.

5. The method of making a rotating lamp shade, comprising severing a hollow three-dimensional blank into a plurality of component parts, forming one end portion of one of said parts into a plurality of substantially radially extending vane members, and securing the free ends of said vane members together.

6. The method of making a rotating lamp shade, comprising cutting a hollow three-dimensional blank into a plurality of component parts, cutting an end portion of one of said parts to form a plurality of separate adjacent members comprising extensions of said part, and forming said extensions into substantially radially extending vane members.

7. The method of making a rotating lamp shade, comprising cutting a hollow three-dimensional blank into a plurality of component parts, cutting an end portion of one of said parts to form a plurality of separate adjacent members comprising extensions of said part, bending said extensions inwardly toward the axis of said part, and securing the free ends of said extensions together.

8. The method of making a rotating lamp 10. The method of securing a hollow member having one closed end and a flange formed integrally therewith adjacent its open end to and within a hollow, open-ended member having an inner diameter which is less than the diameter of said flange, comprising placing said first member Within said second member, and partially severing and displacing a portion of said first member adjacent the closed end thereof and forcing said portion into firm contact with said 0 second member to maintain said second member in contact with said flange.

JOSEPH O. HOWARD. 

